Mirror manufacturing process pdf

Mirrors are made by applying a reflective coating to a glass sheets. Properties of glass property unique characteristics of glass chemical glass is highly resistant to chemical attack, and many chemicals and foodsbeverages can be stored for decades without corrosion of the glass. The melting process is a complex combination of chemical reactions and physical processes, and melting can be divided into. Pdf production of silicon mirror plates researchgate. New market trends in solar power industry point precisely towards heightened sophistication of products and are a source of inspiration to us in utilizing innovative solutions in glass manufacturing process. Optical manufacturing lightweight, bubblefree cast mirrors. An aluminium glass mirror is made of a float glass manufactured using vacuum coating, i. The most appropriate materials for making metallic coatings are silver, gold, and chrome. When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. This informational bulletin will address the environmentallyconscious aspects of the mirror manufacturing process, as well as the reusability and recyclability of old. Optical manufacturing lightweight, bubblefree cast.

Manufacturing and testing a thin glass mirror shell with. By closely monitoring the dmls building process, the effects of changing different parameter settings can be observed. Institution of mechanical engineers uk thatcher brothers prize, awarded for the best paper on a manufacturing industries subject 2016, yujie. It involves coating a glass sheet which needs to be cut in the requisite shape prior to coating with silver or aluminum with the help of a chemical process. Glass manufacturing industry iii melting, the combination of the individual raw materials at high temperature to form a molten glass, is the central phase in the production of glass. Manufacturing of an optical quality mirror system for adaptive optics julie a. The romans engaged in glass fabrication for manufacturing mirrors in the first century ad in which lead was employed as the reflective coating. If the mirror is for an automobile, for example, the glass will be cut out to fit in the mirror mount on the car.

Mirror inspection and quality control standards human civilization started manufacturing mirrors 8,000 years ago in anatolia modernday turkey. Container glass and pressed and blown glass, 51 and 25 percent respectively of total sodalime glass production, use pressing, blowing or pressing and blowing to form the desired product. Manufacturing mirror news resource for the manufacturing industry. This dispenser would utilize a second water and air line in addition to the hand piece water and air line used by the hygienist during dental procedures. The kind of coating to be used is specified by the mirror design. Mirror semiconductor mqfn preplated nipdau open air. Manufacturing process of ecofriendly mirror sgg miralite pure. The vacuum port at the bottom side of the picker is a hole with a diameter of 1 mm. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Tousey a tablet with good characteristics is not made on a tablet press. As civilizations discovered methods of producing metal alloys and blowing glass, mirror production continued to revolutionize into the modern glass mirror. It is very important that the glass is polished to perfection as any dip, well or impurity left on it would cause waves in the mirror, which would. The polisher consists of rotating pads which are surfaced with an abrasive substance. There are many types of glass mirrors, each representing a different manufacturing process and reflection type.

In the production process of curved car mirrors, mirrors with reflected distortion defects result from the unstable temperature changes of ovens and inappropriate control of overflow fusion process. Basis and presumptions 1 the unit will work on a single shift basis for 300 working days in a year. Jul 17, 2017 the process of making mirrors is simple. Jul 07, 2014 thanks to a proven longtime silvering process, mirrors are very durable and have an extended useful life.

Rms, achieved using our advanced tools and equipment. Mirror making mirror manufacturing process and mirror. How innovation in glass manufacturing is turning green. Designing and optimizing sideview mirrors masters thesis in automotive engineering martin olsson departmentofappliedmechanics division of vehicle engineering and autonomous systems. Automated checks enable businesses to collect data much more quickly and are easier for regulatory agencies like the fda to audit. China mirror glass, mirror glass manufacturers, suppliers. Enjoy a very satisfying clip of machines forming, analyzing and testing a glass bottle. The details of manufacturing the mirror plates, the coating process and the robotic stacking can be found elsewhere 4, 5, 6, this paper concentrates on presenting the currently achieved optical performances, the environmental qualification status. Challita et al design and development of a freeform active mirror for an astronomy application. This process was invented by sir alistair pilkington in 1952 and is the most popular and widely used process that describes how to make glass for architectural purposes in the world today. In these cases, we must consider such effects in our calculations. Design and development of a freeform active mirror. Six sigma in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry pharma.

Artificial marble manufacturing process artificial quartz stone producing machinecuarzo artificial duration. Pdf on may 1, 2010, canestrari rodolfo and others published replica process for mirror manufacturing. Wafer preparation wafer is polished to be almost mirror like final chemical process removes polishing materials wafers packaged in ultra. The glass float glass as we know is manufactured by the ppg process. This process shows that there is a never ending cycle of waste. Preface ii manufacture of glass chapter 5 presents the bat conclusions as defined in article 312 of the directive. Glass is a substance that has certain properties, primarily fragility and stiffness, which makes it similar to solids, but a disordered structure gives it a liquid qualification. How mirror is made material, manufacture, making, history. A water and air design cleans the mirror with the use of air and water flowing from a dispenser that can be clipped onto the handle of the mirror. The industry refers to polishing as the process, which uses abrasive belt finishing. Rough surfaces result from surface topography due to the conformal multilayer thin film manufacturing process. Chapter 6 presents information on emerging techniques as defined in article 314 of the. Epa preliminary information on manufacturing, processing, distribution, use, and disposal.

Silveringthe process of coating the back of a glass sheet with melted silverbecame the most popular method for making mirrors in the 1600s. Silver mirror,copper free silver mirror,silver coating. Increasing emphasis on lightweight cars on account of rising harmful emissions from vehicles that have an adverse effect on the environment drives the glass penetration in the automotive industry. This online newspaper also displays international and national headlines. The manufacturing process is simple and straightforward and makes use of standard milling, turning and drilling. The procedures for manufacturing glass are the same for all products except forming and finishing. How innovation in glass manufacturing is turning green even greener. The glass has no wave or distortion and is now the standard method for glass production. A mirror is an object that reflects light in such a way that, for incident light in some range of. Fundamentals of laminating process and quality requirements dr. Three basic types of machines are involved in the fabrication process. How mirror is made material, manufacture, making, history, used.

Design and development of a freeform active mirror for an astronomy application zalpha challita,a, tibor agocs,b emmanuel hugot,a attila jasko,c gabby kroes,b william taylor, dchris miller, hermine schnetler,d lars venema,e laszlo mosoni,c david le mignant,a marc ferrari, aand jeangabriel cuby. Often, the coating process can degrade the results. Experimental furnaces and research and development process units are excluded. First, we show the design and manufacturing process in detail. You have a huge variety of products to experience with such as china mirror glass listed above and its similar choices. The process of making glass bottles in recent decades, the scientific and technological revolution in all fields has led to enormous changes in the science of glass and glassmaking technology. This kind of mirror is used for furniture, doors, glass walls, commercial shelves, or public areas. This process gives the mirror the ability to focus as well as reflect light. The new manufacturing process is more environmently friendly at it excludes the use of copper and lead. Because tally must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of tally, and tally cannot. For example, new measures and techniques may emerge, science and technologies are continuously developing and new or emerging processes are being successfully introduced into the industries. The manufacturing process cutting and shaping the glass 1 the first step in manufacturing any mirror is cutting the outline of the glass blank to suit the application.

The following various operation are involved in the process of manufacturing of mirrors. Preliminary information on manufacturing, processing. Although some mirror manufacturers cut their own glass, others receive glass that has already been cut into blanks. Ac 20154 chg 1 81215 7 standard parts has come to be understood by the aviation and manufacturing public as meaning a part, the specification for which has been published by. The glass production source category consists of facilities that manufacture glass including flat, container, or pressed and blown glass or wool fiberglass using one or more continuous glass melting furnaces. The mirror assemblies use a segmented design to simplify the construction process, as such they require 4,680 mirror substrates coated with appropriately. Best practices in the manufacturing process of mems. Today, mirrors are used for personal grooming, and decorative and architecture purposes. Manufacturing process of a glass bottle machines and. The creation of mirrors begins with a single sheet of clear glass, commonly referred to as a. With the earth reaching its capacity in providing for overpopulation and their energy demands, there needs to be a change in the process of manufacturing this product.

They are usually disposed of only when they get outdated or damaged. Optical manufacturing lightweight, bubblefree cast mirrors have no printthrough shane santi the history of lightweight mirrors is based almost exclusively on designs using simple, repeating geometry with very few degrees of freedom. Even if the sstgate is a prototype for small size telescopes of the cta array, the primary mirror of the telescope is 4 meters diameter, and it has to be segmented. Because glass is a poor reflector, it must be coated in order to make a mirror. Collimates a light source or focuses a collimated beam parabolic profile eliminates spherical aberration surface enhancements. The primary mirror proved to be the best candidate for. To maintain a record of the resulting byproducts, coproducts and scrap, you can define the percentage of these items produced during the production process as well. Building quality in the manufacturing process is a key goal within lean six sigma and enables the industry to successfully integrate the it infrastructure. An important part of the manufacturing process is the quality control of mirrors. Cnc has cut production time down to a single afternoon for a.

Hard stones like marble and granite can be polished all the way to a mirror finish. Automotive glass market size, share industry report, 2027. Instead of having to rely on end process testing, six sigma is enabling companies to predict and eradicate errors and therefore give a much needed boost to. The information contained in this document is current as of the date of publication and subject to change.

This silvering process was adapted for mass manufacturing and led to the greater availability of. Bmw smartstate chaired professor of automotive manufacturing 2016, mears. Introduction to buffing buffing is the process used to shine metal, wood, or composites using a cloth wheel impregnated with cutting compounds or rouges. In classical antiquity, solid metal bronze, later silver was used to produce mirrors. Reenvisioning the manufacturing process clemson university. The largest facility can process mirrors of up to 3 m diameter, or large structures up to 3 m in diameter and 4 m long fig.

Feb 14, 2014 saintgobain glass presents manufacturing process of ecofriendly mirror sgg miralite pure. Carl zeiss laser optics gmbh, 73446 oberkochen, germany. Manufacture of mirror glass substrates for the nustar mission. Today, the mirror substrate is first shaped, then polished and cleaned, and finally covered. Visit our channel and see a new and even more satisfying video of this manufacturing process, with a lot of.

This is a chemistry video for grade 1011 students that elaborates the process of glass making in glass industry. The global automotive glass market size was valued at usd 30. Nov 15, 20 by implementing traditional six sigma and lean manufacturing, many pharmaceutical companies are able to reduce waste and bring about effective change within the manufacturing process. Mar 14, 2011 mirrors and glass mirror manufacturing process. Mirror manufacturing process the new century has recorded phenomenal growth in the demand and application of renewable sources of energy for power production. Design and development of a freeform active mirror for an. The cloth buff holds or carries the compound, while the compound does the cutting. Erp 9 enter the name of other components that will be used in the production process. Glass is a major mirror component due to its transparency, ease to fabrication, rigidity, hardness. Xray mirrors, active optics, thin glass mirrors, piezoelectric actuators.

Automated distortion defect inspection of curved car. These products have undergone thorough quality and reliability testing as st manufacturing processes have been carefully studied and. Manufacturing mirror news resource for the manufacturing. Optical coatings optiforms offtheshelf parabolic reflectors need a custom parabolic.

Glass and its layers are used for thermal, acoustic and electrical insulation. The new century has recorded phenomenal growth in the demand and application of renewable sources of energy for power production. This cleaning operation is currently performed by removing the mirror from the patients mouth, taking a cloth material, wiping the mirror clean, and then resituating the mirror in the working area within the patients mouth. Best practices in the manufacturing process of mems microphones introduction this application note serves as a reference concerning best practices in the manufacturing process of mems microphones. Annealed glass can be cut, machined, drilled, edged and polished. Specialist news provider covering the latest news in the manufacturing world.

We provide examples of process innovations that have directly impacted the cost per mirror plate and have reduced the manufacturing cost of a mirror module. The nozzle for picking up a 4 x 5 microphone is commonly a steel picker with a cylinder shape respecting the safe area indicated in figure 4. Interferogram of a primary mirror with a central obscuration. Process flows and bulk micromachining picture credit. Glass manufacturing process and air pollutants quartz sand soda ash limestone others cullet tank furnace pot furnace manual forming annealing tempering furnace decorating bending furnace laminating process firing oven glasses for car sheet glass bottle, container fluorescent tube others optical glass flit heavy oil heavy oil s o x, n o x. The products of this industry are flat glass, container glass, and pressed and blown glass. Sst dualmirror telescope for cherenkov telescope array.

Initial cleanliness of the glass surface is an essential factor in the process. Fundamentals of laminating process and quality requirements. Due to the dual mirror configuration, the alignment is a complex task that needs a well defined and precise process that will be discussed in this paper. Page 1 of 15 february 2017 office of chemical safety and pollution prevention u. The low results show spherical aberration of less than 0. Glass inspection standards wa wilson fabricates high quality tempered, insulated, and edged glass products. Conventional lightweight mirrors put far more complexity and engineering into the mirror. Any flaws that develop as a result of the manufacturing or handling process are inspected using the glass industry standards astm c1036 for.

And this is basically the principle on which the float glass manufacturing process is based. Best practices in the manufacturing process of mems microphones. Noval aluminium mirror can be customized by sandblasting. Process and application development compared to other wellknown manufacturing processes like casting or milling, dmls technology has a highly innovative character, which leads to a range of new intrinsic process phenomena. This improved manufacturing process also improves the optical quality of the product and significantly increases its longevity through a better resistance to. Durability and reflectivity are the most important characteristics in the choice of the coating. An indepth knowledge of the laminating glass process fundamentals combined with the legen dary knowhow of the professionals should mini mize or better eliminate industry wide problems and assess definitively the credibility of these products. Noval aluminum mirror is created by splashing an aluminum layer onto the glass, which is then treated, processed by one or more layers of highly resistant protective paint.

Its unique manufacturing process enables one to realise. Although some mirror manufacturers cut their own glass, others. Apr 23, 2014 mirror inspection and quality control standards human civilization started manufacturing mirrors 8,000 years ago in anatolia modernday turkey. Application of mirror manufacturing and its appropriate metrology at carl zeiss laser optics shall be illustrated by recent examples. Six sigma in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Glass manufacturing process glass manufacturing process what is glass. Techniques for the manufacturing of stiff and lightweight optical. The process of making glass bottles lighter thus reducing the energy required to produce and transport them. Annealing float glass is the process of controlled cooling to prevent residual stress in the glass and is an inherent operation of the float glass manufacturing process. Parabolic reflectors parabolic reflector diagram an electroformed parabolic reflector is a parabolashaped reflective surface used to collect and direct wave energy such as light. Bifanoc aelectrical and computer engineering, boston university, ma 02215 bb oston micromachines corporation, watertown, ma 02472 cmanufacturing engineering, boston university, ma 02215 abstract. A safety glass mirror is made by adhering a special protective film to the back surface of a silver glass mirror, which prevents injuries in case the mirror is broken.